Apentix/AP Biology/Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function/Question
AP Biologyhardmcq1 pt

Which set of mitochondrial observations supports the claim that eukaryotic cells arose when a host cell engulfed an aerobic bacterium?

A.Circular chromosome, fission-like division, prokaryote-like ribosomes, double membrane, bacterial-style inner membrane transport.
B.Mitochondrial genes duplicate nuclear copies exactly, and a single Golgi-derived membrane encloses them.
C.Mitochondria appear exclusively alongside chloroplasts, dating them to the origin of photosynthesis.
D.Mitochondria hold linear chromosomes capped like nuclear DNA and import everything through nuclear pores.

Explanation

Core Concept

Mitochondria carry a circular chromosome resembling bacterial DNA, divide by splitting, and contain ribosomes closer in structure to prokaryotic than eukaryotic ones. Their inner membrane runs bacterial-style electron transport, and a double membrane surrounds each organelle, as expected if a phagocytosed cell persisted inside a host vacuole. Together these traits mark descent from a free-living prokaryote.

Correct Answer

ACircular chromosome, fission-like division, prokaryote-like ribosomes, double membrane, bacterial-style inner membrane transport.

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