Occasionally a lysosome ruptures in a healthy cell, yet the spilled contents cause little lasting harm. Which feature of lysosomal enzymes best accounts for the mild outcome?

Core Concept

Lysosomal hydrolases evolved pH optima near 4.5 to 5, matching the pumped acidic lumen. At cytosolic pH their active-site chemistry slows dramatically, so escaped enzymes become poor catalysts almost immediately. Compartmentalization combined with this pH dependence gives the cell a built-in safety margin against leaks.