Apentix/AP Biology/Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation/Question
AP Biologyhardmcq1 pt

Which experimental observation gives the strongest support to the claim that differentiated cells retain a complete genome and differ mainly in gene regulation?

A.Muscle fibers contain far more actin messenger RNA than nearby fat cells do
B.Mature red blood cells lack nuclei and therefore transcribe no genes
C.Liver detoxification enzymes appear only after birth in response to diet
D.A nucleus from a differentiated mammary cell supported full development of a healthy sheep after transfer into an enucleated egg

Explanation

Core Concept

Somatic cell nuclear transfer experiments such as Dolly show that a nucleus from a differentiated cell can, under appropriate conditions, be reprogrammed to support development of an entire organism. This strongly supports genomic equivalence: differentiation generally reflects differences in gene regulation rather than systematic loss of most genes. It does not prove that every differentiated nucleus is genetically undamaged or that every epigenetic state is easily reversible.

Correct Answer

DA nucleus from a differentiated mammary cell supported full development of a healthy sheep after transfer into an enucleated egg

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