AP Chemistryeasymcq1 pt
In a 0.010 M solution of HNO₃, which species is essentially absent at equilibrium?
A.H₃O⁺
B.NO₃⁻
C.undissociated HNO₃ molecules
D.H₂O solvent
Explanation
Core Concept
Nitric acid is strong, so essentially every molecule hands its proton to water. The solution holds H₃O⁺ near 0.010 M with matching NO₃⁻ as counterion, plus the solvent. Almost no intact HNO₃ survives, which is the defining feature of complete ionization.
Correct Answer
Cundissociated HNO₃ molecules
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