Apentix/AP Chemistry/Unit 8: Acids and Bases/Question

AP Chemistrymediummcq1 pt

Which reaction is acid-base by the Brønsted-Lowry definition but NOT by the Arrhenius definition?

A.HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)

B.NH₃(g) + HCl(g) → NH₄Cl(s)

C.HNO₃(aq) → H⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq)

D.CH₃COOH(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + CH₃COO⁻(aq)

Explanation

Core Concept

Arrhenius chemistry requires water as solvent, with acids forming H⁺ and bases forming OH⁻ in solution. Gaseous NH₃ still accepts a proton from gaseous HCl even though no water participates. Brønsted-Lowry needs only proton transfer between the two reactants, so it covers this gas-phase reaction while Arrhenius cannot.

Correct Answer

BNH₃(g) + HCl(g) → NH₄Cl(s)

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