Apentix/AP Chemistry/Unit 9: Applications of Thermodynamics/Question
AP Chemistrymediummcq1 pt

Which equation gives the free energy change under nonstandard conditions, and what does it imply when Q < 1?

A.ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q, and Q below 1 makes ΔG more negative than ΔG°
B.ΔG = ΔG° − RT ln Q, which would push ΔG above ΔG° when Q < 1
C.ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q, but Q below 1 makes ΔG more positive than ΔG°
D.ΔG equals ΔG° under all conditions

Explanation

Core Concept

Free energy shifts with the reaction quotient: ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q. When Q < 1, ln Q is negative, so the correction lowers ΔG beneath its standard value and favors more products than the standard state allows. Only at Q = 1 do the two quantities match, and at equilibrium ΔG reaches zero.

Correct Answer

AΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q, and Q below 1 makes ΔG more negative than ΔG°

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