AP Biologymediummcq1 pt

Complete oxidation of glucose releases nearly 2880 kJ per mole, yet a bag of table sugar sits unchanged on a shelf for years. Which statement reconciles these observations?

A.Sugar contains less total bond energy than surrounding air, so nothing drives a reaction
B.Combustion proceeds only at extreme pH values never found in ordinary storage
C.The activation energy barrier for oxidizing intact glucose is enormous, so the change is thermodynamically favorable yet kinetically stalled until an enzyme provides an easier path
D.The 2880 kJ figure measures synthesis cost rather than oxidation yield

Explanation

Core Concept

A negative free-energy change does not determine how quickly a reaction occurs. Direct oxidation of glucose has a large activation-energy barrier, so glucose can remain stable for long periods under ordinary conditions. In cells, a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions provides lower-barrier pathways and allows the released free energy to be captured in controlled steps; this is not something accomplished by hexokinase alone.

Correct Answer

CThe activation energy barrier for oxidizing intact glucose is enormous, so the change is thermodynamically favorable yet kinetically stalled until an enzyme provides an easier path

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